Need, Possibilities and Limitation to the Control of Intelligence Agencies
			Dr. Thomas Pankratz Abstract for 1st ACIPSS session November 27th 2004 Abstract Because intelligence services gernerate knowledge, political and military decision makers in constitutional democracies are dependent on intelligence agencies and their analyses. By creating and pointing out options, the findings of the intelligence sector serves as the base for the political decision making process. In light of the central security policy challenges of the 21st century—international terrorism and international organised crime—this is of essential significance. The need for control results primarily out of the special mode of operation, the potential of power which is a result of the generation of knowledge and the cooperation with national and foreign intelligence agencies. An ideal form of control of the agencies comprises all levels, authorities and procedures of the state as well as of the civil society ("police controlling") – a permanent and, as far as possible, transparent control process of the structures of the agencies, their work and their mode of operation in regard to legality, effectivity and efficiency. Thereby the control executed by the government is one of the most prominent one. This is due to the fact that the government defines structures and ressources, mode of operation, procedures and orientation of the agencies. At the same time, there always exists the danger that the government instrumentalises the agencies. Hence an essential task of the parlamentary control is that it makes the intelligence services transparent to the society, thus serving as a link between society and intelligence agencies. Control by judiciary authorities is at the one hand the precondition for the work of the intelligence agencies and at the other hand for a working control system. In the center of the control exercised by the civil society are the media. But due to their special interests and the absence of steering capacities and regulative power, they can neither guarantee a permanent nor a sufficient control of the agencies.		ÜBERSICHT DIE SCHWEIZ IM ZWEITEN WELTKRIEG HUMINT IN NORTHERN IRELAND CONTROL OF INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES DIE UNGARNKRISE 1956